You've seen them in photos—wrinkled, elegant, and utterly unique creatures that look like they've stepped out of an ancient Egyptian mural. The immediate question pops up: what are hairless cats called? The most famous answer is the Sphynx cat. But that's just the opening line of a much longer story. Knowing the name is one thing. Understanding what it truly means to live with a cat that has no fur—their needs, their quirks, the common misunderstandings—is what separates a curious browser from a prepared owner.
I've been around cats, including the hairless varieties, for years. The biggest mistake I see? People falling for the "alien cat" aesthetic without grasping the daily reality. It's not just a cat without fur; it's a different kind of pet ownership. Let's dive past the name and into the substance.
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The Main Act: Meet the Sphynx Cat
When someone asks "what are hairless cats called?", 95% of the time, they're picturing the Sphynx. Contrary to popular belief, they aren't from Egypt. The breed as we know it began in Toronto, Canada, in the 1960s with a domestic cat named Prune. Through selective breeding, the modern Sphynx was developed.
They're not completely hairless. Run your hand over one. You'll feel a fine layer of peach-fuzz, like warm suede or a peach's skin. This texture is key to their feel. They have wrinkles, especially around the shoulders, ears, and muzzle, which become more pronounced when they curl up.
Personality is where they truly shine. Forget the aloof cat stereotype. Sphynx cats are often described as dog-like. They greet you at the door. They follow you from room to room. They crave physical contact and will burrow under blankets with you. They're energetic, intelligent, and notoriously mischievous. If you want an independent pet that ignores you, a Sphynx is a terrible choice. If you want a companion that acts like a cross between a cat, a monkey, and a toddler, you're on the right track.
Beyond Sphynx: Other Hairless Cat Breeds
Sphynx is the celebrity, but it's not the only player. Other hairless breeds emerged from different genetic lines. Knowing these helps answer "what are hairless cats called?" more completely.
| Breed Name | Origin | Key Distinction from Sphynx | Temperament Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Donskoy (Don Sphynx) | Russia | Hairlessness is caused by a dominant gene. Even breeding one Donskoy to a furry cat can produce hairless kittens. | Often described as even more affectionate and people-oriented than the Sphynx. Known for their webbed toes. |
| Peterbald | Russia | A cross between a Donskoy and an Oriental Shorthair. They come in varying coat types: bald, flock, velour, brush, and straight. | Slender, elegant build like an Oriental. Highly intelligent, vocal, and form intense bonds with one person. |
| Bambino | USA (Experimental) | A cross between a Sphynx and a Munchkin (short-legged cat). They are hairless and have short legs. | Playful, curious, and retain a kitten-like demeanor. Their unique structure requires careful breeding for health. |
| Ukrainian Levkoy | Ukraine | A cross between a Donskoy and a Scottish Fold. They are hairless and have inward-folding ears. | Calm, friendly, and adaptable. The fold ear gene requires responsible breeding practices. |
Most of these breeds are rare outside of dedicated breeder circles. The Sphynx remains the most accessible and recognized. If you see a hairless cat, it's most likely a Sphynx. But if it has folded ears or exceptionally short legs, you might be looking at one of these other unique breeds.
Daily Life & Care: It's Not Low-Maintenance
Here's the non-negotiable truth nobody tells you upfront: hairless cats are high-maintenance pets. Their lack of fur creates a chain reaction of needs.
Skin Care is Non-Negotiable
Without fur to absorb it, their skin produces oils (sebum). This builds up. It feels greasy, can stain your furniture, and if not cleaned, leads to clogged pores and skin infections.
The Routine: A full bath every 1-2 weeks is standard. Use a gentle, hypoallergenic kitten or baby shampoo. Forget this, and you'll have a sticky, smelly cat and brown stains on your light-colored sheets. In between baths, use unscented baby wipes to wipe them down every couple of days. Their ears also produce more wax and need gentle weekly cleaning.
They Are Walking Heaters (That Get Cold)
Their body temperature is about 4 degrees Fahrenheit higher than a furry cat's. They feel wonderfully warm to the touch. But they lose that heat quickly. They are indoor-only cats. You'll find them perpetually in sunny spots, on top of computers, or under blankets.
In winter or in air-conditioned homes, cat sweaters or heated beds are not cute accessories; they are necessities. A cold Sphynx is a miserable Sphynx.
Diet and Sunscreen
That high metabolism means they are often hungry. They need a high-quality, protein-rich diet to fuel their internal furnace. Overfeeding is easy, so portion control is key to prevent obesity.
Sunburn is a real risk. If they have access to a secure, sunny patio (supervised), pet-safe sunscreen on exposed skin like ears is mandatory. Their skin can also get oily and dirty simply from lying around, hence the need for frequent bedding changes.
Health Considerations for Hairless Cats
Reputable breeders screen for specific issues. Irresponsible ones do not. This is the most important part of your research.
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): This is a serious heart condition prevalent in Sphynx and related breeds. A responsible breeder will have their breeding cats regularly screened by a veterinary cardiologist. Ask to see these reports. Never buy from a breeder who cannot provide them.
- Skin Conditions: Fungal or bacterial infections (like ringworm), urticaria pigmentosa (skin lesions), and acne can occur. Their skin is sensitive.
- Dental Issues: Some lines are prone to gum disease. Regular dental check-ups and home care are vital.
Pet insurance for a hairless cat isn't a maybe; it's a smart financial decision. Their vet bills can be higher due to these breed-specific concerns.
Myths vs. Reality: Setting the Record Straight
Myth 1: They are hypoallergenic. This is the biggest misconception. The primary cat allergen, Fel d 1, is in saliva and skin oils, not just fur. Since Sphynx cats groom and have oily skin, they still produce allergens. They may produce less because there's no fur to trap and shed it, but many allergy sufferers still react. Spend several hours with one before deciding.
Myth 2: They are fragile and sickly. Not true. With proper care and from a healthy bloodline, they are robust, playful, and live full lives (typically 8-14 years). Their vulnerability is to temperature and skin issues, not generalized weakness.
Myth 3: They don't need grooming. The opposite is true. They need more grooming than a furry cat—just of a different kind (bathing, ear cleaning, nail trims).
Your Questions, Answered
How much does a Sphynx cat typically cost?
From a reputable, health-testing breeder, expect $1,500 to $3,500 USD. The price reflects health screenings, ethical breeding practices, and early socialization. Kittens sold for significantly less are major red flags, often from backyard breeders skipping essential health tests. Adoption is rare but possible; check breed-specific rescues.
Are they good pets for first-time cat owners?
It's a mixed bag. Their affectionate nature is rewarding. However, their intensive grooming, specific health needs, and high energy level present a steeper learning curve than a typical domestic shorthair. A first-timer must be fully committed to the research and routine.
Do hairless cats use the litter box normally?
Yes, but there's a trick. Their oily skin can make dust and certain litters stick to them. Avoid clay dust. Opt for a low-dust, pellet-based (like paper or pine) or silica crystal litter. It's cleaner for them and your home.
Can I shave my furry cat to make it a "hairless cat"?
Absolutely not. This is harmful and misses the point entirely. The physiology of a bred hairless cat (skin texture, oil production, metabolism) is completely different from a shaved cat. A shaved cat is at risk of hypothermia, sunburn, and skin irritation, and will be miserable. It doesn't change their genetics or allergen production.
So, what are hairless cats called? They are Sphynx, Donskoy, Peterbald—names for captivating, high-maintenance companions. They're not for everyone. They demand time, money, and a commitment to a very specific care routine. But for the right person, who embraces the baths, the sweaters, and the constant companionship, they offer an unparalleled bond with a truly extraordinary creature. It's less about owning a novelty and more about partnering with a unique, warm-hearted friend who just happens to have no fur.